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Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Up to now, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer simutaneously involving carina, heart and great vessels is still regarded as contraindication for surgical treatment. However, the prognosis is very poor in these patients treated with chemotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy. The aim of this study is to summarize the clinical experiences of carinoplasty combined with heart and great vessel plasty in the treatment of 84 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving carina, heart and great vessels or both in our hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March, 1988 to December, 2004, carinal resection and reconstruction combined with heart, great vessel plasty was performed in 84 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving carina, heart and great vessels simutaneously. The operative procedures in this series included as follows: (1) Right upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinal resection and reconstruction, and right pulmonary artery sleeve angioplasty in 9 patients; (2) Right sleeve pneumonectomy combined with partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium, and superior vena cava resection and Gortex grafts in 3 cases; (3) Left upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, left pulmonary artery sleeve angioplasty and partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium in 3 cases; (4) Right upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, right pulmonary artery sleeve angioplasty and partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium in 10 cases; (5) Left upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty and left pulmonary artery angioplasty in 9 cases; (6) Left upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, left pulmonary artery sleeve angioplasty and resection of the aorta arch sheath in 6 cases; (7) Right upper-middle sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty and right pulmonary artery sleeve angioplasty in 3 cases; (8) Left upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, left pulmonary artery angioplasty, resection of the aorta arch sheath and partial resection and reconstruction of left artium in 8 cases; (9) Right upper sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, right pulmonary artery angioplasty and partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium in 4 cases; (10) Left sleeve pneumonectomy combined with partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium in 3 cases; (11) Right upper-middle sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, right pulmonary artery angioplasty and superior vena cava resection and reconstruction with Gortex grafts in 23 casese; (12) Right sleeve pneumonectomy combined with partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium in 1 case; (13) Right upper-middle sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, right pulmonary artery angioplasty and partial resection and reconstruction of left atrium in 1 case; (14) Right upper-middle sleeve lobectomy combined with carinoplasty, right pulmonary artery angioplasty and right inferior pulmonary vein sleeve resection and reconstruction in 1 case.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were two operative death in this series. The operative mordality was 2.38%. A total of 32 patients had operative complications. The incidence of operative complications was 38.10%. The 1-, 3-, 5-and 10-year survival rate was 81.34%, 59.47%, 31.73% and 24.06% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) It is feasible in technique that carinal resection and reconstruction combined with heart, great vessel plasty in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving carina, heart and great vessels simutaneously; (2) Multiple modality therapy based on carinal resection and reconstruction combined with heart and great vessel plasty can remarkably increase the survival rate, and improve the prognosis and quality of life in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving carina, heart and great vessels.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignant tumor death among Chinese population. It has been known that the development of lung cancer may be associated with genetic po-lymorphism of some lung cancer related genes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphism of metabolizing enzymes and susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymorphism of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and GSTM1 was detected in 99 patients with lung cancer and 66 patients with benign pulmonary disease by PCR-RFLP and PCR. The association between genetic polymorphism and susceptibility of lung cancer was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference in three RsaI/PstI genotype distribution of CYP2E1 was found between lung cancer group and control group (Chi-Square=1.374, P=0.241). (2) The frequency of GSTM1-null genotype in lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group (57.6% vs 40.9%, Chi-Square=4.401, P=0.036). (3) The individuals who carried with GSTM1-null genotype had a 1.96 fold increased risk of lung cancer (OR=1.96, 95%CI=1.042-3.689, P=0.037) than those who carried with GSTM1-present genotype. (4) When data were stratified by smoking status, the smokers who carried with c1/c1 genotype had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (OR=3.525, 95%CI=1.168- 10.638, P=0.025) than those never-smokers who carried with at least one c2 allel. (5) When combination of polymorphism of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI genotype and GSTM1 genotype was analyzed, compared with individuals who had concurrent present of GSTM1 and at least one c2 allel genotype, the risk of lung cancer for combination of GSTM1 null and c1/c1 genotype was increased significantly (OR=3.449, 95%CI=1.001- 11.886, P=0.050). Considering smoking status, compared with never-smokers who had concurrent present of GSTM1 and at least one c2 allel genotype, the risk of lung cancer for combination of GSTM1 null and c1/c1 genotype was remarkably increased (OR=11.553, 95%CI=1.068-124.944, P=0.044), as well as that for combination of GSTM1 null and at least one c2 allel genotype (OR=13.374, 95%CI=1.258-142.166, P= 0.032).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1)GSTM1 null genotype is an important factor associated with increased risk of lung cancer. (2) The combination of c1/c1 and GSTM1-null genotype can remarkably increase risk of lung cancer both in smokers and non-smokers.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Genetic polymorphism in metabolic enzymes, which are involved in metabolism of environmental carcinogens, have been thought to be related to susceptibility of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytochrome P450 2D6(CYP2D6) genetic polymorphism distribution in Han population in Sichuan, China, and to evaluate the relationship between CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-RFLP was used to identify CYP2D6ch genotypes among 150 patients with primary lung cancer and 152 healthy controls, in Han population in Sichuan, China, and case-control study was used to analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The distribution frequency of CYP2D6ch C and T allele were 39.5% and 60.5% in control group and 46.3% and 53.7% in lung cancer group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.089). (2)The distribution frequency of C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were 18.4%, 42.1% and 39.5% in control group, and 22.7%, 47.3% and 30.0% in lung cancer group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0.215). (3) The individuals who carried with Non-T/T genotypes had a 2.084-fold increased risk with squamous cell carcinoma (95%CI 1.024-4.244, P=0.043) than those who carried with T/T genotype. (4) The lighter smokers ( < 30 pack-years) who carried with Non-T/T genotypes had a 2.92-fold increased risk with lung cancer (95%CI 1.087-7.828, P=0.033) than those who carried with T/T genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CYP2D6ch Non-T/T genotypes are factors associated mail:zhouqh@mail.sc.cninfo.net) with increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and also increase risk of lung cancer among lighter smokers.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Some studies have supposed that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may be involved in detoxification of carcinogens, especially from tobacco smoke. Therefore, polymorphism of GSTs has been considered as potential protectors of individual cancer risk. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 and inherent susceptibility to lung cancer in Han population in Sichuan, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was carried out to compare the distribution frequency of GSTT1 gene polymorphism between lung cancer (n=150) and control healthy individuals (n=152) with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and to analyze the relationship between the GSTT1 gene polymorphism and smoking and the inherent susceptibility of lung cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The distribution frequency of GSTT1(-) genotype was 54.7% (82/150) in lung cancer and 38.2% (58/152) in control group respectively (OR=1.681, 95%CI=1.009- 2.803 , P=0.046); (2) GSTT1(-) genotype remarkably increased the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (OR=2.969, 95%CI= 1.511 -5.834, P=0.002) and adenocarcinoma (OR=2.095, 95%CI=1.060-4.140, P= 0.033 ); (3) In smokers, GSTT1(-) genotype significantly increased the risk for lung cancer (OR=4.051, 95%CI=1.959-8.380 , P=0.000); (4) In people with GSTT1(-) genotype, smoking markedly increased the risk for lung cancer (OR=53.885, 95%CI=11.789-246.302, P=0.000); (5) In heavy smokers (≥20 packyears), GSTT1(-) genotype could remarkably increase the risk of lung cancer (OR=4.296, 95%CI=1.649-11.190, P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) People with GSTT1(-) genotype have significantly increased risk for lung cancer in Han population in Sichuan, China, especially for squamous cell carcinoma. (2) GSTT1(-) genotype interacts synergistically with smoking on lung cancer risk. The more the cigarettes smoke, the higher the risk of lung cancer increases in those people who are smokers with GSTT1(-) genotype.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical features, radiographic manifestations and treatment of 21 patients with PSH were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>None of the 21 patients was diagnosed as PSH preoperatively. There were 18 females and 3 males, and the average age was 48.0 years in this group. Twelve patients were symptom free. The plain chest roentgenograms showed a well defined, homogeneous, round or oval nodulous shadow in most cases. All patients received operation. There was no postoperative morbidity and mortality. Postoperative follow-up showed a good prognosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative diagnosis of PSH is quite difficult. PSH should be suspected in middle to old aged female patients who show a well defined, homogeneous, round or oval shadow in plain chest roentgenograms. PSH has a good prognosis if it is treated surgically.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To explore the clinical and prognostic values of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA125), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), calcitonin (CT) levels in patients with lung cancer before operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety two untreated patients with lung cancer confirmed histologically were studied. Serum CA125, NSE, and CT were detected in 92 lung cancer patients by ELISA before operation. Thirty healthy volunteers were chosen as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of CA125, NSE, and CT for the diagnosis of lung cancer were 48.9%, 21.7%, and 7.6% respectively. The level of CA125 in lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.05). The level of NSE in patients with small cell lung cancer was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.01). The level of CT in lung cancer patients was higher than that of control, but without significant difference. The 3-year survival rate of patients with increased serum CA125 level before operation was 44.4% (20/45), whereas that of patients with normal CA125 level was 66.0% (31/47) (P < 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of patients with increased serum NSE and CT levels was 45.0% (9/20) and 42.8% (3/7) respectively, whereas that of patients with normal serum NSE and CT level was 58.3% (42/72) and 56.5% (48/85) respectively. The 3-year survival rate of patients with increased serum NSE or CT level had no significant difference with that of patients with normal level (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnostic values of CA125, NSE and CT are limited. CA125 can be used as an prognostic parameter in patients with lung cancer after operation.</p>